Cms Allows Medicaid Funding For Housing Related Services

Policy Overview: CMS Allows Medicaid Funding for Housing Related Services On June 26, 2015, the Center for Medicaid and CHIP Services released a bulletin clarifying that existing Medicaid policy allows reimbursement for housing related activities for persons with disabilities, older adults needing long term services and supports, and persons experiencing chronic homelessness.1 This announcement is in alignment with CMS’ commitment to help states expand home and community based living opportunities as encouraged by the Affordable Care Act and the Americans with Disability Act as well as the ruling in Olmstead v L.C. 1 The goal is to promote and provide community integration for these identified populations.1 Additionally, it is the†¦show more content†¦These services support a person in successfully sustaining tenancy and include activies such as identifying and intervening in behaviors that may jeopardize housing, assistance in resolving disputes with landlords to reduce the risk of eviction and assisting with the housing recertification pr ocess.1 The last category of reimbursed housing related services is state level housing related collaborative activities. Reimbursed services in this category are those that assist a state in identifying and securing housing options for the identified eligible populations.1 There are a number of Medicaid sections and demonstration programs that allow reimbursement for housing-related services to promote community integration. Authorities and programs that allow reimbursement include: 1915(c) HCBS Waivers, 1915(i) HCBS State Plan Optional Benefit, 1915(1b) Community First Choice State Plan optional Benefit, 1915(b) Waivers, 1905(a) State Plan Services, Section 1115 Research and Demonstration Programs and Money Follows the Person demonstration.1Some of these authorities offer greater coverage opportunity than others.1 Medicaid offices have the opportunity to play an important role in convening state program offices and other partners to identify other non-Medicaid funding sources to s upport

Excessive Game Play and Video Game Addiction Essay

The excessive game play is a community problem in Macedonia that should be prevented because it results with addiction which symptoms cause lethal consequences. The possibility for creating a virtual life attracts people to participate in computer games that later on interfere in their lives. A decade ago children in Macedonia used to play with marbles and â€Å"seek and hide† outside, while adults went to play sports or in the gym. Today, in the era of computerization, life has relocated from reality in computer games. Video game addiction is another type of addiction in the modern age. First of all, you should keep in mind that video/computer game addiction is not an official DSM-IV diagnosis but many institutions worldwide do researches†¦show more content†¦Physical consequences, on the other hand, lead to more critical point. Dehydration, starvation, self harm and fights affect the physical well being of the gamer. Many examples present the seriousness of these co nsequences. In the capital city of Macedonia, Skopje, 22-year-old boy ended with stab wound in the chest when he got in massive fight over video games at internet cafà ©. Communities around the world face the same issue. Mirror news in 2012 reports that 18-year-old Taiwanese boy passed away because he played Diablo III for 40 hours without eating or sleeping. Another case is when 30-year-old Chinese man passed away after three-day online playing session. Luckily, there are preventive measures that can be taken in order to avoid these unwanted consequences. Kimberly Young from The Center for Internet Addiction Recovery in Bradford, Pennsylvania, suggests setting limits on play time, changing the power source and family therapy . First step is to set limits on the time the player is spending on the game. For children this measure is easier to apply because the parents determine the time. For adults, their friends and family members can indirectly set the limit by initiating participa tion in sport activities, walks, parties etc. Another way to prevent addiction is to change the power source. Since most of the games give the player sense of power, redirecting the energyShow MoreRelatedVideo Games And Its Effects1489 Words   |  6 PagesVideo games have drastically altered since the 1980s, they are now more visual, alongside technological advancements, they have become more immersive, so immersive that video games have become an obsession—in fact a deadly obsession. On a Wednesday night in early February 2012, Chen Rong- Yu †a binge gamer,† was found dead â€Å"in the chair from which he’d been engaged in a marathon gaming session.† What makes this case extreme is that he was slumped in his chair with both arms stiffened in a postureRead MoreThe Addiction Of Video Games951 Words   |  4 PagesAddiction to Video Games A few months ago, my son asked for a tablet which we bought it for his birthday. It was a good idea back then, since he never had one before and it was his birthday. My only thought was to make my son happy in rewards of his good work at school, but later it become a problem. I was scared of seeing my son playing video games! I started noticing that he was acting different. And many times he wanted to be playing these video games while we were eating or visiting relativesRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects947 Words   |  4 Pagesplaying video games! I started noticing that he was acting different. And many times he wanted to be playing these video games while we were eating or visiting relatives. This situation was very uncomfortable for me. After a few months he was spending more time playing the same games over and over. Eventually, it was normal for him to get back from school and go directly to his room to play video games. My son was putting aside the illusion of having a n ew bike and have gone to the video games. Read MoreVideo Game Addiction Is A Modern Day Psychological Disorder1529 Words   |  7 Pagesnow-a-days if a mother ask her son to play outside , he would probably carry his laptop out there and play games therein. Yes, one would readily agree to the current scenario of increasing teenagers falling into the prey of gaming addiction. Sometimes I ponder if the same excitement, the same joy is inherited by their minds on slitting his virtual enemy’s throat, which we derived by scoring a goal or hitting a six in midst of the heat of the game. Video games are a common entertainment tool amongRead MoreWhat Is Single System Research Design1555 Words   |  7 Pageswas completed using a single Caucasian male who is 27 years old who shall be referred to in this paper as (JQ). JQ expressed a desire in decreasing the amount of time that he spends engaging in the playing of video games. He feels that he has been engaging in this activity for an excessive amount of time each day but h as stated that he often feels anxious when he is unable to do so. This is causing JQ quite a bit of concern. JQ has noticed that other things he used to enjoy doing have sufferedRead MoreThe Negative Effects of Video Games Essay example1016 Words   |  5 PagesWhen videos games were first available to consumers and brought into homes it was to serve the purpose of entertainment. Now since the evolution of gaming unfortunately a new purpose has been served. A survey conducted by the firm at game spot concluded that gamers in the United States spent over 13 hours playing video games weekly. Although current gaming systems may help increase motors skills, there have been many problems associated with excessive video games. It’s clear that this new waveRead MoreVideo Games Effects On Teenagers1716 Words   |  7 Pagesform, and video gaming is a huge part of our culture. You can ignore or embrace video games and imbue them with the best artistic quality. People are enthralled with video games in the same way as other people love the cinema or theatre† (Serkis, n.d.). Video games have shot onto the scene within the past 50 years. With technology advancing as fast as it has today, video games are becoming more and more realistic, as well as inherently more violent. The pressing question of today’s video games is, areRead MoreReview of Related Literature1643 Words   |  7 Pagesrelated on the relationship of computer game addiction to interpersonal relationship to adolescents especially, K-12 students. To enrich the background on the subject of the res earcher, the literatures that were found are here in presented. A. Foreign Studies Based from the study of Mark Griffiths (2007),â€Å"Does Internet and Computer Addiction Exist? It has been alleged that social pathologies are beginning to surface in cyberspace (i.e., technological addictions). To date, there is very little empiricalRead MoreEssay on Effects Of Video Games On Youth877 Words   |  4 Pages Excessive video game playing has been a problem with today’s youth they have had more influences over the youth than ever before. That brings to my attention a question, how do video games affect the youth of our society? Excessive video game playing, especially violent video games, can lead to youth violence, a decrease in academic success and many other negative things. I realize that some parents believe that they can be good for children, I agree but I also disagree in some cases. Some parentsRead MoreThe Effects Of Gaming On The Lives Of Young People Essay861 Words   |  4 PagesThe next time you see a child, teen, or young adult pick up a controller to play a video game or sit down at a computer to access the internet, should you be alarmed? These activities have quickly become a staple in the lives of many children, as well as adults, across the world, but some people do not share the same enthusiasm for the adaptation of these technologies. Though reasons for concern have only recently, since the advent of these media industries, begun to be noted and discussed, parents

Case Study in Brac Bank Limited free essay sample

A bank is a financial intermediary that accepts deposits and channels those deposits into lending activities, either directly or through capital markets. A bank connects customers with capital deficits to customers with capital surpluses. Banking is generally a highly regulated industry, and government restrictions on financial activities by banks have varied over time and location. The Banking Industry was once a simple and reliable business that took deposits from investors at a lower interest rate and loaned it out to borrowers at a higher rate. The Banking Industry at its core provides access to credit. After Independence of Bangladesh the banking sector was restructured as a fall out of war of liberation. Banking grew primarily in the public sector with main emphasis development needs of the war-torn economy. A full-service commercial bank since its setting up in July 2001, BRAC Bank (www. bracbank. com) focuses on study unexpected market position in the Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) sector, which remains largely untouched in Bangladesh. BRAC Bank believes that this sector can contribute the most to a rapid generation of employment in the country. Till December 2006, the bank had disbursed over Tk. 25 billion (USD 370 million) in loans to nearly 75,000 small and medium enterprises. With local and international shareholding by BRAC, BRAC Bank is listed in both the Dhaka and Chittagong Stock Exchanges. BRAC Bank operates under a ‘double bottom-line’ agenda where profit and social responsibility go hand in hand as it strives towards a poverty-free, enlightened Bangladesh. BRAC Bank has been awarded as the Sustainable Bank of the Year 2010 at the FT Sustainable Banking Awards 2010. BRAC Bank received the prestigious Business Award styled DHL-Daily Star Bangladesh Business Awards 2008 as ‘Best Financial Institution of the Year’ for its innovation in products, services, financial performance/ productivity, company management and contribution to Bangladesh’s development. BRAC Bank Limited has recently received the prestigious award for being the highest VAT paying organization in national level in service industry. BRAC Bank Limited has awarded ICAB National Award from Institute of Chartered Accountants of Bangladesh (ICAB) for one of the Best Published Accounts Reports 2007. The core banking services of BRAC Bank are, SME banking, Retail banking, Wholesale banking, Probashi banking, E banking. BRAC Bank, being the youngest bank, took a step to break away from usual tradition and tapped into the true suburb entrepreneurial initiatives. Today, with over 10,000 cores of loans disbursed till date, BRAC Bank is country’s largest SME financier. With over 100 outlets, 300 ATMs and over 500,000 plastics in the market, BRAC Bank offers a wide range of financial solutions. BRAC Bank offers a full array of Financial Services to Corporations and Institutions. Having access to the deepest end of the country, BRAC Bank is there to assist businesses in Bangladesh. There are 3,500 pay out locations of BRAC Bank in Bangladesh from which a customer can receive money sended form abroad. Every month, Probashi Banking executes around 150,000 transactions; which has made BRAC Bank one of the largest players among private commercial banks in channelizing inward remittance in the country. Being a Bangladeshi bank and serving the banking needs of Bangladeshi people, Human Resources Division of BRAC Bank Limited maintain an adaptive human resources management strategy. Objective General objective The general objective of this report is to provide with an over view of the BRAC Bank’s banking policies so that the theoretical learning can be related with the real life business situation. Specific Objective This report aims to achieve the following specific objectives: ? Broadly describe BRAC Bank’s as an organization providing banking service in Bangladesh, its products and services. ? Identify BRAC Bank’s current scenario, reason behind its success failure. ? Illustrate the Banking sector of Bangladesh with facts. To portray and analyze the trend, change and competition in the banking industry. ? To know the popular service of BRAC Bank. ? To know the upcoming service of BRAC Bank. ? To know the present condition of SME banking condition. Methodology Type of business research used in this report is of descriptive nature. Through this descriptive research this report seeks to determine the answers to who, what, where and how questions of the banking industry of Bangladesh. Primary data analysis was selected as the basic research method. Data collection Data for this report has been extracted from secondary and primary sources, as the descriptive nature of the study to prepare this report calls in for existing facts and information compilation. †¢ Source of secondary data Majority of the secondary data was obtained from the web site of BRAC Bank BRAC NGO. Annual reports of the operators, their official web sites, reports done on the banking sectors and information obtained from the Internet. All those augmented this report to take a comprehensive shape. Result Discussion Building profitable and socially responsible financial institution focused on Market and Business with Growth potential, thereby assisting BRAC and stakeholders to build a just, enlightened, healthy democratic and poverty free Bangladesh- this is the corporate vision of BRAC Bank. To fulfill this vision they are trying hard from the opening their activities. Every day they are introducing new service in front to their consumer. †¢ Some of their most popular services are in bellow : 1. SME Banking 2. E- banking service 3. Probashi Biniyog 4. Retail banking service 5. Wholesale service 6. Online banking service 7. Mobile banking service †¢ Others service of BRAC Bank are bellow: 1. ATM Card Service 2. Customer Service 3. Recent Activities Services 4. Stock Market Service For NRBS 5. Upcoming service SME Banking In BRAC Bank SME Banking is the most profitable and popular service. BRAC Bank, being the youngest bank, took a step to break away from usual tradition and tapped into the true suburb entrepreneurial initiatives. Today, with over 10,000 cores of loans disbursed till date, BRAC Bank is country’s largest SME financier that has made more than 265,000 dreams come true! In SME Banking, there are two parts-(1) Loan Products (2) Deposit Product. Loan products are ten types- Anonn Rin, Apurbo Rin, Aroggo Rin, Double Loan, Prothoma Rin, Trade Plus, Proshar Rin, Bizness Loan, and Supplier Distributor Business Equity Loan. Probashi Biniyog BRAC Bank Limited offers Probashi Biniyog – a product that exclusively provides Non-Resident Bangladeshis (NRBs) the opportunity to invest in the Bangladeshi Capital Market through a Beneficiary Owners (BO) account, which will be funded by a Non Resident Investors Taka Account (NITA). Both BO account and NITA will be hold with BRAC Bank Limited. NRBs can invest into the Bangladeshi Capital Market from anywhere in the world. BRAC Bank will provide custodian Service. Dividend and investment profits 100% repatriation of capital NRBs can apply for IPOs as well as buy and sell shares in the Secondary Market through BRAC Bank Limited. They can use e-mail, fax or phone to issue trade orders to BRAC Bank Limited. There are nine types in probashi baniyog services. a. Probashi current account: b. Probashi saving account: c. Probashi shubidha account: d. Probashi fixed deposit: e. Shubidha fixed deposit f. Probashi abiram g. Probashi shubidha abira h. Probashi DPS i. Probashi shubidha DPS E-Banking Service With over 100 outlets, 300 ATMs and over 500,000 plastics in the market, BRAC Bank offers a wide range of financial solutions to meet everyday needs. Under the e-banking there are some services- a) Internet Banking b) Phone Banking c) SMS Banking d) Important Security Manage Retail Banking Services In BRAC Bank, their Retail Banking service is a profitable service for them. There are five part of retail banking services- Deposit Products With over 128 outlets, 177 ATMs and over 500,000 plastics in the market, BRAC Bank offers you a wide range of financial solutions to meet your everyday need. Loan Products With over 100 outlets, 300 ATMs and over 500,000 plastics in the market, BRAC Bank offers you a wide range of financial solutions to meet your everyday need. Be it home loan, car loan, or simply a quick loan – simply drop an application and we shall do the rest while you enjoy life. Cards With over 100 outlets, 300 ATMs and over 500,000 plastics in the market, BRAC Bank offers you a wide range of financial solutions to meet your everyday need. There are two card services in BRAC Bank. 1. Credit card †¢ VISA Classic Visa Credit Card is valid only in Bangladesh. It can only used in local currency (BDT) within the country. This type of credit card has a limit ranging from BDT 10,000 to BDT 74,999. †¢ VISA Gold This is a local Visa credit card, which is valid only in Bangladesh and transaction currency, is in BDT.

Ziggurats free essay sample

Religious temples were built on flat platforms, growing higher and bigger, until eventually the Mesopotamians built stepped temples. Over hundreds of years, these temples grew significantly in size. These mud-brick towers were called ziggurats and were being constructed in Sumerian cities by 2000 B. C. The ziggurat was a huge platform, often decorated with mosaic or trees, with a series of smaller platforms on top. The stepped pyramid had stairs leading to the top, the sacred spot, where there were shrines. The legendary Tower of Babel was one such ziggurat. Rather than the enormous stonework that was used on Egyptian pyramids, ziggurats were built of smaller sun-baked bricks. There was significance in the number of levels on the way to the top, and the placement and incline of the ramps. One of the oldest ziggurats was discovered at Eridu and had burnt fish inside it, giving archeologists the impression that they were religious temples and the fish was an offering to the gods. We will write a custom essay sample on Ziggurats or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The people of Mesopotamia wanted the homes of the gods to be higher than their own houses. Sumerians believed the gods came from the mountains and some believe the ziggurats were shaped like mountains due to this reason. Each ziggurat was dedicated to the citys most important god or goddess, and was given a name. For example the ziggurat at Ur was the home of the moon god Nanna, while Enki, the god of wisdom and fresh water, lived at Eridu. Ur-Nammu built ziggurats in the Sumerian cities of Uruk, Eridu and Nippur, but the best preserved is at Ur. His empire lasted about 100 years and then other people controlled the cities but ziggurats continued to be built or rebuilt. All cities had their own ziggurats and they were built in Mesopotamia until Persian times when new types of religious buildings became popular. Gradually the ziggurats decayed and their bricks were robbed for other buildings. Many southern Mesopotamia cities were abandoned, and ziggurats were investigated once again several centuries later. Part 3 The ziggurat was one of the most important aspects of Babylonian religion and tradition. It has given us insight on how important the ancient Mesopotamian people considered their religion. It represents the civilization’s morals, beliefs, and way of life. It was an important and easily the most conspicuous building in the city. They were built on an enormous scale and during the time of Hammurabi, sometimes reached 150 feet. It would tower above visitors and locals, making it not only a religious center but also a center of civic pride. Ziggurats were one of the first large- scale religious structures. Sumerians were one of the first civilizations and their buildings helped us understand how sophisticated and advanced they were. The ziggurat provides us with insight on their technology, engineering techniques and architectural designs. They were one of the first people to build something at that magnitude. Moreover, the Egyptians and Chaldeans were influenced by early ziggurats and took these innovations and transformed them into pyramids, city walls, and temples in the future. The size of these structures also shows the kings’ greed for power. The kings that built and rebuilt the ziggurats often had their names stamped or carved into the bricks. They tried building bigger and higher ziggurats than before in order to leave their legacy. They wanted the future generations to know about their great influence and power. The biggest and most prominent ziggurats give us an idea about the power and influence of the king that ruled during the time it was built or rebuilt.

Devils play ground Essays - Amish, English-language Films

The Devil?s Playground main subjects are Amish kids, who live in a strict society, under tight control of their family and close-knit rural community. They are in many ways like deeply religious suburban kids anywhere, confused, self-obsessed, but basically civilized, and given to projecting a theological dimension on the normal pains of growing up. Underneath the strange clothing is a familiar conflict between godliness and hell-raising. Despite the horse-and-buggy accessories, the Amish are not opposed to technology, just technology that they consider disruptive to their way of life. So cars and televisions were excluded, but a solar-powered battery charger is okay. Their attitude towards sex, while barely tolerant is surprisingly laid-back and practical. A little premarital fooling around can be overlooked as long as it leads to an Amish marriage and Amish children. When the Amish teenagers turn sixteen, they are encouraged to leave their communities and experience the pleasures and conveniences of life in the urban world. By the time they turn 21 they have to decide whether they are going to return to the Amish church and way of life forever, or live in the outside world and be disowned by their families. This period is called Rumspringa; you get just enough of experience within other concepts of culture, when you give it up you?ll never wonder what you're missing. The intentions are to ensure that the Amish who come back will have made a conscious choice to do so. The tempt to free will is well-intentioned, but ultimately devious When given their first experience of adult freedom outside of the rural community, Amish teenagers do what many teenagers do: they experiment with controlled substances, have unprotected sex, and spend a lot of time driving around in cars. For most teenagers this is just a phase, for the Amish it's the preliminary to the most important decision of their life: whether or not to join the Amish church. The subjects of The Devil?s Playground are no better prepared for the trials of adolescence than any other group of sixteen year olds, and it comes as no surprise that most of them, after a few chaotic years, make the decision to return to the way of life that represents their culture, family, security, and a responsible sense of identity. They have to face temptation before they can reject it. It?s claimed that about 90% of Amish teens do eventually commit to their religion for life

Free Essays on Traditional Chinese Family Analysis

Long before the industrialization and the rise of communism, Chinese civilization has been built peculiarly on the basis of family. The reason is that Chinese people have the unique family value system that would put family above their individual and personal needs; this is what we called familism. The value was implicitly shown in the Chinese word for family is the pictorial representation of several people under a roof, meaning possibly man, wife and children. According to the Chinese proverbs,  ¡Ã‚ §If there are no families, there will be no country ¡Ã‚ ¨, it seems that Chinese made familism even more central in that society than in most. However, Chinese families ¡Ã‚ ¦ value system is gradually perished and replaced by a new set of family values under the effect of modern individualism. When compare my family to that of grandparents, indeed the two have a lot of differences, mostly manifest in their family structure, thinking, rituals, attitudes, and their name system. My grandparents have three sons and seven daughters. Until now, the grandparents ¡Ã‚ ¦ family consists of three generations with at least thirty members. It is very interesting once the whole family had been traveled together on the plane I was shocked by the huge bunch of people bearing the same surname. Traditional Chinese people see this as a clan which is the root of Chinese civilization, larger the clan formed; meaning that the family is fortunate for the continuation of the surname and powerful. In the olden days in China, the richest people were always come from the most powerful clan, and only the most fortunate ones can continue their surname, for example: Deng Xiao Ping, the former Chinese statesman was come from the clan of  ¡Ã‚ §Deng ¡Ã‚ ¨, is one of the most fortunate surnames in China. While the Chinese names contain three characters, the seven daughters shared the same second character in their names, and the three sons shared another second character in the name ... Free Essays on Traditional Chinese Family Analysis Free Essays on Traditional Chinese Family Analysis Long before the industrialization and the rise of communism, Chinese civilization has been built peculiarly on the basis of family. The reason is that Chinese people have the unique family value system that would put family above their individual and personal needs; this is what we called familism. The value was implicitly shown in the Chinese word for family is the pictorial representation of several people under a roof, meaning possibly man, wife and children. According to the Chinese proverbs,  ¡Ã‚ §If there are no families, there will be no country ¡Ã‚ ¨, it seems that Chinese made familism even more central in that society than in most. However, Chinese families ¡Ã‚ ¦ value system is gradually perished and replaced by a new set of family values under the effect of modern individualism. When compare my family to that of grandparents, indeed the two have a lot of differences, mostly manifest in their family structure, thinking, rituals, attitudes, and their name system. My grandparents have three sons and seven daughters. Until now, the grandparents ¡Ã‚ ¦ family consists of three generations with at least thirty members. It is very interesting once the whole family had been traveled together on the plane I was shocked by the huge bunch of people bearing the same surname. Traditional Chinese people see this as a clan which is the root of Chinese civilization, larger the clan formed; meaning that the family is fortunate for the continuation of the surname and powerful. In the olden days in China, the richest people were always come from the most powerful clan, and only the most fortunate ones can continue their surname, for example: Deng Xiao Ping, the former Chinese statesman was come from the clan of  ¡Ã‚ §Deng ¡Ã‚ ¨, is one of the most fortunate surnames in China. While the Chinese names contain three characters, the seven daughters shared the same second character in their names, and the three sons shared another second character in the name ...

Set Up a New Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Set Up a New Business - Essay Example The products – Pepsi-Cola Gold and Pepsi-Cola Green Pepsi-Cola Gold and Pepsi-Cola Green come with a rich past, having gone through a century of successful marketing. Pepsi has a long rich past, originating from the last 100 years of success. Caleb Bradham’s analysis provides a definite concept about the sophistication within the market. He developed a strong franchise and also aided better business attributes. With an all time slogan, â€Å"Drink Pepsi Coal†, he has moved through generations, and the new product provides a mild combination of tasty Pepsi flavours, enriched by western lemon brandss. The gains of Pepsi-Cola Gold and Pepsi-Cola Greenare attributed to the empirical framework that defines and create substantial formulation of the ideal criterion to manage an orderly launching process. Firstly, the relevance of the launching implications state that the usefulness of the model is ideally fundamental to the overall strategy and this overruns Market eval uation for Pepsi is an important phenomenum needed to accomplish positive business feedbacks. The real marketing strategies for this product are hugely dependent on the existing market forces. Ideally, the trends equally explore the usefulness of the momentum generated by the launching method. ... ivered value approach creates a competitive advantage and Braithwaite and MacKay, (1991) explains that market timings are fundamentally vital for better product launches. The target market in this case being London, offers established identities and the marketing mix roles offer techniques including suggested activities within and outside London. Equally, the prescriptions aiding the market fronts are expansive and to undertake the critical plans, prescriptions for Pepsi-Cola Gold and Pepsi-Cola Green will involve forecast financial outcomes. The new brands establish greater positioning and particularly on the basis of dependent marketing variables. Service provision defines the London market for Pepsi-Cola Gold and Pepsi-Cola Green as a continuous process which offers substantial customer management concepts. These are ideally explained by the relative operational standards which are comprehensively vital for appropriate product launches. The process range involves implementing the specific marketing processes ranging from selling, pricing and product distribution. Equally, the attainment of the formal distribution mechanisms will also involve the larger market inclusions. In the views of Gray et al, (2005), the business development structures are aided by established market formations. The distinctiveness of the London market is widely explored by the emerging business platforms. The strategy is hugely dependent on a focused penetration level. The research indication for Pepsi-Cola Gold and Pepsi-Cola Green creates coexistence between the specific business models and the defined product factors in the target london market. The Pepsi-Cola strategy applies new market variables. Equally, market pioneering component is specifically aligned from a relatively innovative

Position Paper on Mountaintop Coal Mining in Appalachia Essay

Position Paper on Mountaintop Coal Mining in Appalachia - Essay Example Therefore, mountaintop coal mining should be reviewed if the cultural heritage and the welfare of the Appalachia communities are to be preserved. This paper explores the impacts of mountaintop mining on Appalachia, impacts that enforcement of regulations by the EPA might have on the future of coal and the extent of reliance on this particular source of coal as well as the opportunities the industry might have moving forward. The Impacts of Mountaintop Mining On Appalachia Socioeconomic Impact Coal mining in Appalachia remains an important contributor to the economy of Appalachia region providing thousands with jobs. However, the disadvantages connected with mountaintop removal coal mining in the region far much outweigh the benefits. Mountaintop removal means no jobs for underground miners and is a huge barrier to the development and diversification of the economy of the Appalachia region. The residents of Appalachia also suffer the highest level of socioeconomic disadvantages. These socioeconomic disparities have been closely link with the impact of coal mining in the area (Hendryx 9). Coal mining in Appalachia perpetuates poverty in the region. ... n Appalachia remains a major contributor of underdeveloped infrastructure, deformed landscape, poorly educated population, chronic ailments among residents and the inability to focus on sustainable businesses (Hendryx 10). Communities near mining sites where mountaintops are blown up are often exposed to strong flash floods. Mountaintop removal mining practice remove trees on steep slopes, which makes water to flow freely from the slopes into the valleys making it dangerous for individuals who occupy those areas. Impact to General Health Appalachia is amongst the unhealthiest palaces to be in the United States. â€Å"Appalachian population experiences higher rates of chronic illnesses compared with the nation as a whole† (Ludke and Obermiller 56). Communities in Appalachia frequently suffer from heart diseases, diabetes, cancer and lung diseases, which are all linked with mountaintop mining. Mountaintop removal mining approach in Appalachia has direct and indirect connections to health issues in the area. Numerous health researches conducted in Appalachia have indicated the adverse impacts of mountaintop removal mining. For instance, one study by Gregory J. Pond indicated that over 90 percent of 27 Appalachian streams were impaired in accordance with Clean Water Act standards. In the same study, it was established that none of the ten streams sampled from none mine areas were impaired (Holzman A478), which indicates the dire consequences of mountaintop removal coal mining in Appalachia. Human health in Appalachian Mountains where mountaintop mining takes place has been deteriorating over the years. The washing of coal requires the use of approximately sixty chemicals including heavy metals, which are intrinsically available in coal. Heavy metals such as lead are known

Chapter 11 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chapter 11 - Essay Example Vocational aptitude tests, curriculum-based vocational assessment, person-centered planning have been used as important metaphors in order to have a close understanding with the subject at hand as far as this chapter is concerned. Also the career awareness process has been fundamentally discussed as it is a continuous one which begins at birth and goes on till death of an individual. The vocational objectives touch upon the quintessential aspects related with what vocational instruction is trying to achieve and in what proportions. The functional curriculum includes the instructional strategies which are employed in order to teach the required skills both in a classroom as well as under a natural environment. Other relevant skills that have been detailed within the length of this chapter include the academic skills, the social skills, the personal care skills, the motor skills, and the job search skills. Then again, the general principles that underline the vocational instruction hav e also been manifested for a proper understanding of the vocational instruction realms in

Mountain Dew S Bad Cheetah Commercial Media Essay

Mountain Dew S Bad Cheetah Commercial Media Essay This is a campaign that has confined itself to barely three commercials. The common thing in all these commercials is the group of boys out on a safari. They are generally roaming about shouting   Do the Dew! The commercial shows a cheetah running in all its gusto, and one of our models following it on a bicycle. Finally, the lad jumps on the cheetah and traps him. Then he puts his hand inside the cheetahs mouthstraight down to his stomach, and pulls out a can of Mountain Dew. Bad Cheetah   he says. The other guys watching him say to each other Cheetah bhi peeta hain!  Then they show the cheetah with all the spots gone except for a few spots which spell out   Do the Dew. The commercial fails to follow some vital rules of advertising. There is absolutely no brand positioning. Which bracket of people is it targeting? What benefit is it giving  you? Secondly, their models seem possessed, running around jungles with colourful clothes, jumping on cheetahs and shouting at the top of their voices. The viewer shave no point of reference to identify themselves with either the product or the advertising tone. Thirdly, there is no advertising message at least nothing that makes any sense. Why would anyone want to drink something that a Cheetah allegedly drinks? How did the Cheetah get hold of the can of Mountain Dew in the first place? In fact, this advertisement has more environmental and wildlife ramifications than any connection with the product. Fourthly, it is a very paltry hand at humour. If the intention of the advertisers was to excite the audience and make them laugh, they have failed miserably. This advertisement has induced to people only to switch channels because of its senseless advertising message, theme and conception. Fifthly and most importantly, the advertisement says nothing at all about the drink, except, of course, to extol its endearing quality it to Cheetahs. What is the taste? Does it quench your thirst? Does it make you feel cool? Is it refreshing? If this advertisement is remembered at all, it is remembered for all the wrong reasons. From the very beginning of the Mountain Dews ad campaign, it has come under some very serious firing. When they launched their first ad featuring the infamous slogan Do the Dew, other aerated drink manufacturers immediately saw its potential by piggybacking on the fame and releasing a parody. The parody achieved what the original never did. Today, viewers instantly relate this slogan to No do here, go do  jhaadi ke peeche. The Mountain Dew advertisement failed at the ad mantra AIDA. Although it did catch the attention of the viewer the first time it was aired. It did not generate any interest or desire. It crashed so bad that not only was the ad campaign scrapped, sowas the product. Even if bottles of Mountain Dew line the shelves of stores today, itssales barely make a dent in the profits of the company. Advertisement 2 Kinetic Blaze Introductory Advertisement The Blaze is part of Kinetics Italiano series of scooters, comprises seven bestselling true-blue European scooter designs that Kinetic bought from Italian manufacturer Italjet. With its aggressive and glamorous Italian design, generous proportions and majestic presence, the very special Blaze makes an instant celebrity of its rider. The high-spec Blaze also has ample go to match the show with a powerful 165cc, 4valve engine that pumps out 11.6 bhp, coupled with automatic transmission. Kinetic Blaze was launched in 2006. The following is an analysis of the introductory advertisement. In this advertisement, a group of girls are seen going crazy in front of a house. A guy seeing the crowd of girls asks a nearby shopkeeper if Abhishek or John were around. The shopkeeper says it is Rohit Verma. He has Kinetics latest scooter and this is the source of all the commotion. This advertisement is clearly targeted towards the youth. Not only are the models used in the age group of 20-30, the entire look and feel of the advertisement is young and hep. This commercial scores on some points while it fails at others. First of all, the advertisement develops attention and generates interest. Viewers are kept in the dark as to the source of the commotion. Interest is heightened when the shopkeeper answers in the negative to the names of celebrities. When the name Rohit Verma is mentioned, viewers are all ears (and eyes) to find out more about  him. The presentation of the product, in this case the scooter, is also well done. It looks glamorous, and the difference in size and shape are also highlighted without words, heightening the impact. The product and the brand are not lost in the advertisement, and viewers not only identify the product, but also remember it. Its market targeting and brand positioning are clearly defined. The target is the middle income male youth. It is positioned as a scooter for men and the first in ushering in a new market segment for scooters with its innovative design and target  market. However, the advertisement itself fails to generate a desire for more information or for purchase. This desire is evoked by the fact that the scooter is new and innovative. If the same advertisement was broadcast for a scooter that had already been launched in the market, it would not have done well. So, in a way, this advertisement works for the product since it is new, but considered solely from the advertising point of view, it does not make a big impact. The advertisement also fails to answer some of the basic questions that consumer shave while watching the commercial. What sets this scooter apart from the other scooters in the market? It is obvious that the look and feel of the scooter is definitely innovative. However, all new products sport a new appearance, in fact, it is imperative that they do so. So in terms of performance, how does it differ? What is its USP? Why should the consumer choose to buy this product, when he can be sure of the performance of tried-and-tested scooters? From the advertising point of view, the commercial lacks originality and creativity. Showing a crowd of screaming girls to enhance the psychological value of a product is not new. Many advertisements for motorbikes, furniture, cars etc., showcase models to give the product an oomph factor and increase its appeal. Also, from a logical standpoint, why would the girls favour a guy based only on the fact that he has this scooter? How does it award him star status? The advertising message is vague and unappealing. It is understood that the product is being positioned as your Shortcut To Fame. But, how? Most motorbike advertisements try to project their product as one that will give the owner an edge with the ladies. The advertisement says much, but tells little. Advertisement 6 Surf Excels Advertisement (Brother Sister Duo) Hindustan Unilever Limited introduced Surf in 1959, introducing the first detergent powder into the country. At the time, housewives used laundry soap bars to wash clothes. Surf offered them significantly better clean, with much less effort. The promise of superlative whiteness the articulation of a great clean at the time, connected with consumers and helped to establish the brand. Surf was the first national detergent brand on TV; the brand used TV to effectively educate their consumers on how to use detergent powders in a bucket for a better  wash. Surf Excel made a big splash with their Daag Achhe Hain advertising campaign. The following is an analysis of the first such commercial. The advertisement features a brother and sister duo walking home from school, when the little girl falls into a puddle of mud. Crying, she looks to her brother for help. Her brother gets an idea and starts beating up the puddle of mud, demanding an apology. After a time and a lot of mud on his uniform, he stands up and says, Sorry bola. The narrator then removes all apprehensions of dirt and stains and says,Daag Acche Hain. This advertisement is universally well-loved. This is so because it does a lot of things right. It makes use of childrens appeal to get the advertising message across. The advertisement does what seldom others do cater to the emotions and sentiments of the viewers and succeeds with it. Not only do the children lower your guard to the advertisement, but the story, too, warms the heart of the viewers. The advertisement generates a sense of bonding. Viewers without siblings, too, can relate to the advertisement and the actions of the little boy. The advertisement also exudes certain warmth that reflects itself in the viewers. The advertising mantra, AIDA, is strictly adhered to. This is one of the reasons for its success. By showing a little boy and girl, the advertisement draws the attention of the viewers. When the little girl falls into the puddle and starts to cry, it creates interest in the minds of the viewers. When the tagline is spouted, it builds, in the viewers, a desire to know more. This desire often leads to action. Although there is no obvious targeting, it is done so through indirect means. Most mothers are concerned when their children come home in dirty and messy clothes. This advertisement, not only sends out the message that Surf Excel will help you was them out, but that also there is no need to fear stains. Although the advertisement does not centre on the product or brand, both are remembered. The product and brand are subtly introduced to the viewers such that it sub-consciously enters their minds without any jarring highlights on the product or  brand. This advertisement also does what the majority do not. It focuses on the people rather than the product. The sentiments, actions and emotions of the people are highlighted and showcased throughout the advertisement in one form or another. The product is kept discreetly tucked away and does not overpower the commercial. Although Surf Excel is a premium brand, this advertisement caters to all the income grades and all classes of people, across age groups. The brand and product are positioned as accessible to all people, whoever and however they may be. The brand image created through this advertisement is phenomenal. The advertisement leaves people with a warm feeling. This feeling also transfers to the product and brand. Thus, this advertisement can definitely be called and advertising success. Advertisement 4 Orbit White Chewing Gum Cow Advertisement Orbit is one of the worlds largest selling chewing gum brand. In India, the brand shares the market leadership with Center Fresh brand. Orbit was launched in India in2004. This was Indias first Sugarfree chewing gum and together with Perfettis Happydent, this brand has rejuvenated the chewing gum segment in India. Orbit can be termed as a functional chewing gum. The brand when launched differentiated itself from the existing chewing gums with its sugar free property. Globally the Orbit brand adopts the tagline For a good clean feeling no matter what in India, Orbit uses for healthy teeth and prevents tooth decay as its main message. Orbit White launched their most popular advertising campaign with the Cow series. The following is an analysis of the first advertisement in this series. The advertisement showcases a mad animal specialist, Dr. Bhatawdekar, who speaks in Butler-English. He expounds the special quality of Orbit White Chewing Gum that whitens the teeth of a cow that previously had yellow teeth. His conclusion is that if it works for the cow, itll work for you too. This commercial tries its hand at humour in drawing attention and generating interest. It succeeds to quite an extent in this intention, but also fails at few places. The caricature of the doctor succeeds exceedingly well. Viewers immediately recall the product, the brand and the entire advertisement on any reference to Dr.  Bhatawdekar. The product and brand are duly highlighted. They are not lost during the telecast of the advertisement. The commercials message is wound around the product, making the product and brand as much a part of the advertisement as the rest of the characters and the concept. The advertisement also successfully plays to the sense of humour of the viewers. Any reference to the product results in immediate association to the doctor and his cow volunteer.  This gives viewers a light-hearted view of the product. Nonetheless, there have been instances where the sentiments of viewers have been hurt. In such cases, it seems that the concept that starts out as funny, turns out to be a gross miscalculation of the sense of humour of the viewers. The characterization of the doctor and the way he speaks in English can be construed as offensive by many viewers. Since the doctor is a deliberate attempt at making fun of bad grammar, viewers who are insecure of their oral abilities may find the advertisement offensive. Overall, the advertisement has no class. Viewers can be put off by the commercial on grounds that it displays no sophistication. The attempt at humour can be seen as tending towards slapstick comedy and a very poor attempt at that. However, the advertisement does not fail completely. The product and brand are imprinted in the minds of the consumer. Any reference to the product brings remembrance of the humorous advertisement. And consumers purchase the product, even if only out of a sense of absurdity. Advertisement 5 VISAs Pierce Brosnan Advertisement Visa Inc. operates the worlds largest retail electronic payments network and is one of the most recognized global financial services brands. Visa facilitates global commerce through the transfer of value and information among financial institutions, merchants, consumers, businesses and government entities. Visa gained the attention of television viewers in 2003 with a Tuk Tuk, featuring Pierce Brosnan in Bangkok. The following is an analysis of the advertisement. A limousine drives through the streets of Bangkok, only to be thwarted by a trafficjam. Pierce Brosnan winds down his window and catches the eye of a tuk tuk driver.The driver, delighted to have James Bond in the back seat, revs the engine and pullsa wheelie, beginning a stunt-filled and effects-laden ride through the alleyways, restaurants and shops of Bangkok. The tuk tuk arrives at the hotel just as Brosnans dining partner pulls up in a limousine. Zhang Ziyi steps out and apologise for being late. The tuk tuk collapses, totally exhausted by the trip across town. Brosnan reaches for his jacket pocket and throws his VISA card to the driver.  Later in the evening, the tuk tuk driver pulls up with a brand new tuk tuk, revving his engine and beckoning for Brosnan and Zhang Ziyi to join him. The tagline: Visa: All it takes. This advertisement can be considered a success. It does a lot of things right and gains not only the attention and interest of the viewers, but also builds a strong brand image and remembrance. The product is clear and highlighted. The brand, too, is not lost during the course of the advertisement. The product and brand is the core of the advertising message. Any attempt to analyze the commercial otherwise would prove fruitless. The advertisement retains a dashing air, quite literally. The commercial successfully draws on the sophisticated action of James Bond and highlights it exceedingly well in the tuk tuk mad-dash through the city. The advertisement stays true to the image of James Bond. The commercial maintains the charm of James Bond. It also includes a lot of stunts that can be immediately associated to James Bond. This succeeds in drawing the attention and generating interest among the viewers. The brand, VISA, is associated with sophistication and quality. With this advertisement, they reinforce this image and add to it a certain panache and active participation. If the advertisement comes under any criticism at all, it is from a purely logical standpoint. When Brosnan hands over his VISA card to the tuk tuk driver, the driver returns with a new and better powered tuk tuk. However, there are those who argue that anyone would have disappeared with the card and spent all the money. Nevertheless, for those who appreciate honesty, this advertisement succeeds. The commercial generates good feelings in the minds of the viewers. The product and brand are remembered. Additionally, the brand image is improved and remembered.

Andrew Marvells To His Coy Mistress and John Donnes A Valedictorian:

Andrew Marvell's To His Coy Mistress and John Donne's A Valedictorian: Forbidding Mourning One may define poetry as imaginative and creative writing which uses elements like rhyme, meter, and imagery to express personal thoughts, feelings, or ideas. Certain subjects recur frequently in poetry such as carpe diem, nature, death, and family. Andrew Marvell's "To His Coy Mistress" and John Donne's "A Valediction: Forbiddmg Mourning," focus on the prevalent topic of love. Although both poems emphasize the importance and meaning of love, the tone of each poem reveals differences with regard to the conception and magnitude of the love; the diction shows contrasting ways in which each poet incorporates love into the overall theme while distinct figurative language devices further convey the themes. All of these differences add to the understanding and effectiveness of the poems. In "To His Coy Mistress," the speaker does not conceive of true, ardent love; to him, love does not go beyond the realm of physical beauty or, perhaps, the realm of his mistress's bedroom. The tone of the first stanza illustrates the insincerity and exaggeration of the speaker with comments like, "An hundred years should go to praise / Thine eyes, and on thy forehead gaze / Two hundred to adore each breast..." (13-15). Here, the speaker appears to be flirting and fawning upon his young mistress. The second stanza differs greatly from the first in that instead of using flattery to seek love or sexual favors from his mistress, the speaker resorts to blatant honesty. One may describe the tone as altogether realistic, gloomy, and eerie. In this stanza, the speaker clearly explains that his love will diminish when his mistress's beauty fades as he say... ...d easily manipulated; therefore, their love much like the gold can withstand change. Again, in the .final three stanzas, Donne metaphorically compares the two lovers to a compass. As long as his lady remains "firm" (35) or "fixed" (27) like the :fixed foot in the center of the circle, then the she can anticipate her love's return as he completes his journey, his path around the circle. Poems may share certain characteristics, but they often possess unique attributes. Andrew Marvell's "To His Coy Mistress" and John Donne's "A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning," similarly concentrate on the subject of love. However, each poet contrasts in his conception of love and the way he chooses to disclose this conception through tone, diction, and other figurative language devices. By recognizing the differences, one comes to value and appreciate each poem's significance.

Project Planning, Execution, and Closure Essay

Premise As the project manager in charge of IRTC’s new endeavor of upgrading their legacy billing system one of the most crucial tasks in which I have to accomplish in this function is to build a team of worthy professionals. As we know the people we work with can either be a value to a program or at time a detriment; therefore as a project manager, it is extremely important to hire the right talent at the right price. We have to keep in mind while talent is important, it’s even more important to hire personnel that will coalesce effectively in all manners pertaining to the crucial work. Without synergy from the team, the project manager is taking unnecessary risk that may impede reaching benchmarks thus ultimately risking the ability to meet requirements. Along with many other tasks, the project manager has to hire competent individuals and align these individuals to roles that are best suited for the project. The IRTC billing system project has budgetary limitations, the budget for the project must be managed so that the best value is created for the lowest cost. The contract allows 2.5 full time employees but requires three positions to be filled for the role as the end user, business analyst and team leader, thus the common sense approach would be to create two dual hated positions that can perform at least two or more roles. I recognizing that the IRTC billing system project will be best suited for two multi-talented FTEs, therefore, I am strongly considering Chris and Terry for the End used, business analyst and team leader positions. Terry would be a great fit for the team leader and business analyst position, while Chris would be a perfect fit for the software tester and end user position. What does a business analyst do? The roles of the business analyst will vary from company to company. In theory the ideal Business analyst should be versatile in numerous functions related to business; the business analyst does not have to be a master in these functions, a general knowledge will suffice, enough knowledge to see trends and recognize superfluous factors that may have adverse effects on those function. A business analyst should have knowledge in finance, engineering, computer hardware architecture, operations, finance, engineering and technology. Business analysts typically serve as the liaisons which will bridge the individual departments within an organization together throughout the various phases within the developmental process. The following are core skills and functions of business analyst, as dictated by an article from Villanova University: Business analyst will works all the departments within a business to isolate prospects for enhancements in business operations and processes. Business anal ysts are usually included in the modification and strategy/design of IT systems or business systems. The analyst interacts with the business stakeholders and subject matter experts in order to understand their problems and needs. The business analyst and the project manager are usually close based on the fact that the business analyst will have to familiar with documents pertaining to the project and usually analyzes business needs and requirements being created by the project manager. Business analyst are usually involved in all aspect of the new project, a big part of their role is to solve business problems, come with business solutions technical issues that warrant such measures. A big part of a business analyst role is to documents technical design and functionality of the new system. Business analyst seldom works together with developers and system architects to ensure that proper integration of the system being worked on. A business analyst might aid in tests for the system being developed and part of his tasks in this function may be to produce user manuals and documentation for the system. In retrospect to the various tasks of the business analyst Terry would fit perfect within that roles. Terry has business analyst experience already and Terry attitude toward the work is positive. What does a team leader do? The team leader’s role and functions are directly related to the team members; hence various employees are hired by the project manager because of their knowledge and expertise. The team leader’s is hired to effectively coordinate those team mates. Nonetheless, the team leader should be familiar with organization processes and have a good report with various stakeholders. The team leader should be the liaison between the team and act as a moderator between the individual team members and the project manager. He or she should have constant interaction with the team as to gather pertinent information so as to improve processes. The team leader is usually in charge or may act as the schedule keeper and record keeper during the various stages development. The team leader must build and maintain a good relationship with the sponsor, as he or she will have constant interaction the both the sponsor and stakeholders. Lastly, the team leader may play a part in the selection of n ew team members. The team leader is a role for a project, the person in that role may have other functions within the organization, and therefore that person must learn to manage his various roles accordingly to be effective. Cron.com states that part of the role the team leader is to develop strategy, communicate the vision, serve the team, remain calm, and make decisions. Terry would be exemplary in the team lead position. I have worked in program where the business analyst and team position are one of the same, being fulfilled by one person. What is an end user? The best way to describe an end user is to think of that type of person which will ultimately be using the system or software being developed. In the realm of information technology, the concept of the end user is somewhat different; the usage for the term may be nominal to any industry but have a totally different function in IT. In information technology or the production of information technology systems, end users are hired for the sake of testing the system as a measure to provide feedback in various areas. People who do not have a good working knowledge of the software are used for the purpose of human factoring, functionality, feasibility, ease and purpose. Developers will use information from the end used in the various phases of the system being develop to improve in areas where end users functionality and ease of operation is warranted. Chris would be the  perfect person to act in the role as the end user. Chris would be a valued member to the project not only does he fit perfect for the end user role but he has programming talents as well as good useful knowledge in software testing. Why I choose Terry and Chris Upon reading the background of the five candidates, it became clear which candidate would fit within my ideal team. First off, I disqualified Pat as candidate, although his well-qualified and would have made a great team lead/business analyst, Pat’s attitude toward the project makes me full uneasy and question is diligences to fulfilling his task based on that he does not see the benefit of moving to the Web-based version. I disqualified Jan for team lead position and business analyst position just because Terry is just a better and I could not hire her any other position because her salary requirements is higher than Terry’s. Also, Pat is overly qualified for the end user position. I did not consider Robin for either position albeit she may be a value in another needed role, possibly as a programmer. Terry and Chris will only take 48 hours from the 100 hours allowed for full time employees. Jan might be a good candidate to hire as trainer considering I we purchase the training package from the vendor. Jan’s background with vendor’s competitor will make her an avid trainer; also it would be good to have her counsel. She may be the key person to helping IRTC create a product that has advantages over current software available. References: Project Management Institute. (2013). Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) 5th Edition. Newton Square: Project Management Institute. Kerzner, H. (2013). Mistakes Made by Inexperienced Project Managers. In H. Kerzner, Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling and Controlling, 11th Edition (p. 213). John Wiley & Sons. Travis, E. (n.d.). Roles of a team leader in a business. Retrieved from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/roles-team-leader-business-22734.html What does a business analyst do?. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.villanovau.com/business-analyst-career/

Lazaro cardenas and high modernism essays

Lazaro cardenas and high modernism essays Historically, scholars views concerning pre-Revolutionary Michoacan contend that peasants openly welcomed the secular ideologies of Lazaro Cardenas, and willing formed alliances in the post revolutionary Mexican state as a result of the sweeping reforms initiated by the Cardenistas. However, as Marjorie Becker claims in Setting the Virgin on Fire, Cardenas cannot be viewed as a redeemer or a later-day Jesus, instead as an individual who attempted to rid the peasantry of their cultural and social heritages. James Scott argues in Seeing Like A State that when such governmental policies include centralized state planning and eradication of local norms and ideologies they adhere to high modernism. In short, Scott defines high modernism as a strong confidence in the progress of science, control and mastery over nature, and rational planning of the social order (Scott 4). To a degree, Cardenas' attempt at reforming mestizo, Indian, and campesino cultures supports claims of high moderni sm ideologies in his government. However, not all the policies were strictly high modern. The social reforms implemented bettered not only the peasants ideological outlook on life, improved social conditions, but also provided them with access to land. Cardenas therefore cannot be defined as high modernist given that Scott's title assets that "certain schemes to improve the human condition have failed"; yet many of the political, economic and social changes improved the condition of the Mexican people. Cardenistas believed that to improve the condition of the peasantry, that the existing ideologies had to be replaced. In particular, the ideals espoused by the church needed to be debunked and replaced by the rational views of the revolutionary party. The church represented a danger to the Cardenistas' given their views on property and social class. Becker addresses the issue of "the marriage of piety and property" with an overview of the teachings ...

Machiavellis The Prince Essays

Machiavellis The Prince Essays Machiavellis The Prince Essay Machiavellis The Prince Essay Essay Topic: The Prince Niccolo Machiavelli was an Italian historian, statesman and a political philospher. He was born on May 3, 1469 in Florence. He first entered the government service as a clerk and became prominent in 1498 when Florentine was proclaimed as a Republic. (Kemerling, 2006) Machiavelli was engaged into differen diplomatic missions and because of these missions, he met a lot of Italian rulers and studied their political tactics. After a long time of public service, the republic collapsed and he was driven from his post. It was in 1513 when he wrote â€Å"The Prince†, hoping that he can secure the favor the Medici family, thye ruling family in Florence that time. He addresed this to an Italian prince which is from the Medici family. (Encarta, 2007) The Prince is concerned with different principles that founded a state, hence, he described the method on how a prince can acquire and maintain his political power. He also stated in this book his belief that a ruler should not be bound by traditional ethical norms. (Kemerling, 2006) During the Renaissance, there were new attitudes toward politics that accompanies the new forms of political organizations. Huamnists stated that progress of a place should be natural and no-religious. Machiavellis The Prince tried to find a base for the art of governance not depending on Christian principles but on science. In 16th century, he focused more on how to preserve a state and these ideas were refrlected in The prince and became part of the political environment. This new political perspective appeared not only in Italy but also in the monarchies of the North and were introduced in different writings. Although it was not universally accepted, it was recognized during Renaissance and changed the political thinking. (Encarta, 2007) References â€Å"Niccolo Machiavelli†. retrieved April 28, 2008. http:/www.philosophypages.com/ph/macv.htm â€Å"Niccolo Machiavelli†.(2007). retrieved April 28, 2008. Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2007. http://encarta.ms.com.

Slavery Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Slavery - Research Paper Example Africans who were thought to have resistance to tropical diseases were outsourced to work on these areas with poor or no pay. In history, personal account on what happened in particular is usually the most reliable source. In such a scenario, individual’s personal account can be used to complement other form of literature that already exists. In several states of America, a personal account on what happened in period of slavery and period after has been taken from several people who gave first hand information on various ordeals that they went through. This paper seeks to analyze several individual accounts on slavery in Texas State. During this period, slaves did several jobs that were either in farms or in household.  The role of women was concentrated at home area while men work was majorly on farms. A personal account of Mary Armstrong gives us a proper description of the kind of work they were doing during the period of enslavement. Domestic chores included watering flo wers round the house without spilling a drop of water to unintended area. Additionally, the role of women was to take care of their master’s children and cleaning household things such as utensils. Women also played a significant role in the kitchen, as they were trusted cooks as Ellen accounts of Aunt Rachel. Based on Ellen Betts account, some women could also cut canes all day until midnight. Some women who were not fed properly could eat food that belonged to master children when left under their care. Men at some time acted as houseboys. Sterlin work was to lure the master to sleep and could take care of dining activities. Men could also take children to and from school. Moreover, Will Adams says that niggers were given a subordinate role. Majority of slaves had no skills and hence could not seek a formal employment1. Some slave owners showed some form of leniency when commanding the slaves on various chores while other slave owners mistreated their slaves with no mercy. Individual account gives an insight to various form of treatment that they went through in the period of slavery. Firstly, Armstrong talks of how mean the slave owners were at their time. This is because Cleveland’s were always beating their slaves. Moreover, the slaves were expected to perform chores to perfection, failure to which led to punishment. Armstrong’s sister was beaten to death at an age of nine month. This was a high level of inhumane act at this period of slavery. The little sister was beaten until blood oozed from body. Armstrong claims that Olivia treatment was lenient to the slaves. However, Armstrong says that slaves were forced to work on plantation during cold winter where wheat, barley, oats, and fruits were cultivated. Slaves were also sold to other plantation owners without their dues being paid which was illegal but slave owners disregarded this law. Moreover, family’s members were separated from each other when being sold to other slave traders. Husbands, wives, and children were sold to different traders. Since slaves could only be sold when strong and healthy, some slave traders who gave little food to slaves rubbed salt and vinegar on them to make it appear as if they had been fed good and were strong and healthy. Ellen says that slaves were accorded the same respect as dogs and cats and were therefore

International HRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International HRM - Essay Example In this paper, the potential issues that are encountered by the HR managers during overseas operations will be discussed. In order the evaluate the potential problems that are posed to arise in the way of managing an internal level ethnically and culturally diverse workforce, situational analysis appears to be a basic necessity. This situational analysis is aimed at evaluating the global business conditions that are responsible for creation of ethnically and culturally diverse workforces. So the first sub-topic in this discussion is that what are the importance and role of a multi national company (MNC) in the age of globalization? Traditionally, most of the functional MNCs had headquarters located either in USA or UK. Particularly after World War II, the US and UK companies embarked on a policy of consistent world wide expansion, especially in Europe following the implementation of politico-economic measures such as the Marshall Plan (Ferner et al, 2004). But after the break up of Soviet Union, situation changed dramatically. Developing countries and erstwhile communist states began shifting from a conservative socialist economic model towards a liberalist capitalist market framework. Therefore, just after little more than a decade of the fall of communism and decline of international Soviet financial aid, powerful corporations emerged in the developing economies too. In this way, the â€Å"new geography of FDI flows† came into being (UNCTAD, 2004). These FDI flows were not exclusively outflows or inflows. In fact, combinations of FDI outflow and inflow began to germinate between Western countries and Asia Pacific region as early as the 1980s when Japan, China, and Taiwan initiated industrial reforms (Glover and Wilkinson, 2007). In this way, it should be understood that today’s MNCs represent the zeal of the early phases of globalization which advocated for adoption of global standards

Leadership Skills Needed for 21st Century Coursework

Leadership Skills Needed for 21st Century - Coursework Example Therefore new leadership skills are required for leaders which help them to handle those challenges. This case study highlights the views of famous leaders of some reputed companies regarding the leadership skills required for 21st century. Leadership skills play a vital role globalizing and enhancing different activities and processes of business. Oh-Hyun Kwon the Vice Chairman and CEO of Samsung has mentioned that leaders must upgrade their skills along with the changing business environment. According to Mr. Known, the modern world businesses are expanding globally at a very faster rate. Therefore, the business leaders must have broad mindset which will help them to act and think globally. The leaders need to have strong analytical skill. This will facilitate them to implement any decision in the complex business environment of 21st century. The firms of 21st century believe in innovations. Therefore, the leaders must have the skill to develop and establish unique products and services. This will contribute a lot in growth and development of the business (Bamberger and Meshoulam, 2000). In the present time the organizations have employees who belong from different cultural background. According to Oh-Hyun Kwon leaders should have the skills to embrace cultural diversity in the work place. They should extract good things fro m different cultures and motivate people to follow those things for reducing cultural gaps. The ability of strategic thinking is required for the leaders for enhancing the business processes. The leaders must develop different activities for helping the society and environment. For this reason they must have strong interpersonal skills which will help the leaders to establish connection with the people. The leaders need to have good communication power for enhancing the business process (Story and Barbuto, 2011). Strong communication will help them to provide knowledge to all organizational members. The

Ethnic Group Essay Example for Free

Ethnic Group Essay In this essay, I write about ethnic group and why we cannot define an ethnic group by their cultural elements such as language, religion, customs and so on. I write this essay because there is a question about why we cannot define an ethnic group by their culture, whereas culture are one elements of an ethnic. There is problem of seeing ethnic groups as cultural groups; â€Å"the mere fact that two groups of people are of different culture does not necessarily imply – as has nearly always been assumed – that they belong to two quite different social systems (Leach 1954: 17), â€Å"Someone is Lue by virtue of believing and calling himself Lue and of acting in ways that validate his Lueness† (Moerman, 1965:1219), First of all, I want to tell what is ethnic group. Before ethnic groups, anthropologies who study colonial subject and society called society they studied as ‘tribe’ and people they studied as â€Å"tribal people†. The word â€Å"tribe† was replaced by the word â€Å"ethnic groups† by the 1960s because; a tribal society is not as isolated as being assumed, tribal societies interact with one another, and the word tribe reflects Eurocentric views, a sharp qualitative distinction between ourselves and the people we study. There is a problem when we seeing ethnic groups as cultural groups because there will be a different in their practice. For an example, ethnic Java Banyumasan or Banyumas at Indonesia with Orang Jawa of Malaysia. Basically, they are an specific ethnic. But due to geographical differences for example, they have different practice, language, religion and others. In the field of demography, we can see Jawa Banyumasan usually live in the southwest of Central Java. Technically, Jawa Banyumasan is one of the subgroups of the Jawa people groups, but they have their own cultural variations which differ from other Jawa peoples. While The Orang Jawa, (Jawa of Malaysia) has migrated from Central Java, where the same place of Jawa Banyumasan, to Malaysia. This migrations due to Dutch colonization at Indonesia from 1880 to 1930. The Orang Jawa live in peninsular Malaysia in parts of Johor, Malacca, Perak, Selangor, and Kedah. Jawa Banyumasan have typical Javanese dialect. Usually, easy for Jawa Banyumasan to understand conversations with other Jawa dialects. Level of javanese are likely family tree. The higher you go the more similarity or standardization there is. But the lower you go the more variety. However, many other Jawa groups difficult to understand the Banyumasan dialect because of the widespread of Banyumasan vocabulary. While the younger Orang Jawa who use Jawa language being less among them. Most of them cannot remember how to speak it or never learned about it. In their daily live, Most of the Java’s Banyumasan live as a farmer. When we compare with other tribe in Indonesia, Banyumasan have an advance in the way they farm. Other than have a fertile soil, they cultivate the land well and they also have modern equipment to do their farming. Banyumasan also have their own small industries for example woven bamboo and brown sugar. To meet other needs, this commodity is sold to other regions. For Orang Jawa (Malaysia), their new generations who live in city have assimilated with the general Malay culture. Now they also work as a bankers, pilots, accountants, politicians, and also engineers. They well known as a efficient and industrious people. In Selangor, some of Orang Jawa work as a Islamic religious teacher. Orang Jawa who live in villages, they still maintains their identity and traditions. People who are not Jawa but come from other Malay group, when they married with Orang Jawa, they also claimed or called themselves as Orang Jawa, or Jawa Peranakan. Other than grown up their own vegetables, and livestock, they also involved in tourism activities by make their way of life as a tourist attraction. Orang jawa well known as a friendly people. They usually will invite visitors to share meal with their families even though they often have a large family with some having between 10 to 17 children. Marital affairs is a big thing to Orang Jawa. Sometimes, they celebrate marriages last up to three days. Giving gift to the newlyweds are also a common thing for Orang Jawa. They more to help each other rather than during weddings rather than receive a larges sum of money. In their belief, or religion, majority of Java’s Banyumas are Muslims. However, around 80% of them are â€Å"Muslim identity card† (abangan). While the other 20% were devout Muslim (students), who are pious Muslim and lead Islamic teaching seriously. Other than that, some of Java’s Banyumas still believe in animism. They also believe with spirits such as bujungan, jangkrong, and dhemit. Places like grave, mountains, caves and sea it is considered sacred. When they sick or being disturbed by spirits, they will using shaman to help them. They often hold ceremonies with mantras and offerings to their areas protected by disasters. While the Orang Jawa are usually Sunni Muslims. During wedding ceremonies and circumcision, they perform the jedur, a songs of praise to the Prophet of Muhammad which have been compiled in a book called Silawatan. They will also perform the kempling, a type of dance to giving praise to Allah during religious occasions. During the performance, they will use tools where made of lambs wool and wood. Before and after the dance, Quran is being read. It takes a group of ten to twenty people to perform it. The kempling performance is a time for people to get together to build ethnic solidarity and unity. They also will share problem to the other members during the performance. As a conclusion, due to differences in their cultural elements such as language, religion, customs, way of life and so on, we cannot define an ethnic group by their culture. The cultural boundaries do not always correspond with ethnic boundaries. Like Edmund Leach, Political systems of Highland Burma: A study of Kachin Social Structure (1954) said; â€Å"the mere fact that two groups of people are of different culture does not necessarily imply – as has nearly always been assumed – that they belong to two quite different social systems (Leach 1954: 17) Assuming that ethnic groups are cultural groups will fail to address various aspects of ethnic phenomena. † Other than that, Ethnic groups cannot be defined by culture. An ethnic group is a group of people who believe that they share the same ancestry, history, cultural traits such as language and religion which are distinct from other groups.

What Conditions To Keep Chips In Overnight :: essays research papers

Background Information. I think that this practical will be based on osmosis because ,Osmosis is the random movement of water molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration . This will then happen between the chips and the liquid in the McCarthy bottles . This already tells us that the chips will vary in size from the concentration of water . Plan of the Experiment. Method 1 Firstly we shall set up the experiments by getting the apparatus and the materials (potatoes) ready. We shall then get the 18 McCarthy bottles needed . Then put them on the desk ready for the potatoes to be added when ever. We should then get the weighing scales and the core remover, along with a ruler on the side. 2 Secondly we should core the potatoes and then accurately weigh, and measure them. To measure them we should use a scalpel and a ruler the scalpel should then be used to accurately cut the pieces of potato, the potatoes should all be cut with the same corer to ensure a fair test. To make the cutting even more accurate we should use a square so that the potato is accurately cut. We should also then weigh them accurately so that we will be able to find out the difference after. We should record these results. 3 Also, we should then start to add the liquids to the cylinders , We should then add all the potatoes at roughly the same time after they are all full. We shall then record these details and use them so that when we take them out it will be exactly the right time each. For the test to be as accurate as possible my nights will be until lunchtime the next day, so we can find out exactly which one is the best . 4 Finally when we take them out of the cylinders we should then put them straight onto the weighing scales to find out what the results are. We will then record them to find out the results. Preliminary Work I think that the preliminary work I have completed has helped tremendously with the practical experiment. The work on osmosis has helped with understanding and helping to put together this experiment . Factor In this experiment the factor we will vary will be the S.S.S , this will be the molar amount in the liquid . We are going to use ; 0 molar (distilled water) 0.1 Molar 0.2 Molar 0.4 Molar 0.6 Molar 0.8 Molar

Distinguishing People Around the World: Social Structures and Social Institutions Essay

From a sociological perspective, it is both an oversimplification and an inaccuracy to conclude that people around the world, or even within the same country, are fundamentally the same. There are similarities. The scientific methodologies used by sociologists to study different types of human interactions and social facts instead suggest that people are different in important ways and that these differences must be considered when assessing human behavior objectively and normatively. One of the main conceptual aids to understanding how and why people are not fundamentally the same involves a key sociological distinction between social structures and social institutions. Social structures refer to patterns existing within a social system and are analytically divided into simple and complex types of social structures. A simple type of social structures is limited to roles and status designations along a set continuum; illustrative of this type of simplistic pattern might be age structures, gender structures, or ethnic background structures in a pyramid or pie-chart form. These are fairly exclusive patterns whereas the complex social structures derive their complexity from the fact that multiple social sources or interrelationships are constructed from existing roles and status designations. These patterns, or social structures, may differ around the world because of a variety of different factors. Age patterns in America differ from other countries, for example, because of such factors as medical technology, education, and even historical experiences with wars. Not only can these patterns be explained by social factors, but they can also be used to predict human behavior and social consequences in the future. Declining birth rates in America may foretell less tax revenue and social security burdens for seniors whereas increasing birthrates in Kenya may foretell fiercer competition for scare jobs and potential social dislocations. Social structures vary significantly, the patterns have different sources and consequences, and this is evidence that people are not the same everywhere; indeed, people are quite different in origins, in the present, and in the direction in which social forces are shaping the future. In addition, an examination of the social institution concept further supports the notion that people are not the same everywhere. The social institution is employed to help to explain how certain patterns of social structures emerge in the first instance; for example, patterns describing such social structures as gender or racial inequality find their causative origins in institutions. The social institution concept is therefore an analytical method for examining how social structures arise, persist, or transform into a new type of social structure. The family and religion are common areas for analysis in the sociological field; for purposes of illustration, religious institutions have and continue to affect patterns related to gender inequality in terms of access to education and income inequality. Religious institutions in Afghanistan and America, to be sure, are not the same; these different religious institutions affect the social structures that arise in these respective countries. Women are not the same in Afghanistan and America. These differences are explained from a sociological perspective by examining patterns in the form of social structures and by seeking to understand causation by examining institutions. In the final analysis, the empirical evidence strongly suggests that people are hardly the same everywhere. People are diverse, patterns vary internationally and even domestically in certain respects, and institutional change is frequently unpredictable to the extant that it can be occasioned by such fundamentally transformative events such as the Industrial Revolution, the Internet boom, and the globalization characterized by information technology and excess financial liquidity. Social structures and social institutions can aid in attempting to understand why we are different and how these differences might be minimized in order to prevent excessive types of social conflicts.

Foundation Certification †My Short Notes Essay

A team or group of people and the tools they use to carry out one or more processes or activities. Functions provide units of organization responsible for specific outcomes. Functions are logically isolated from each other. Definition – Process A set of coordinated activities combining and implementing resources and capabilities in order to produce an outcome and provide value to customers or stakeholders. Process has following attributes. Trigger, Activity, Dependency & Sequence Process should be measurable Process should produce specific output Process should meet customer expectation Definition – Process Owner The person/role responsible for ensuring that the process is fit for the desired purpose and is accountable for the outputs of that process. Definition – Service Owner The person/role accountable for the delivery of a specific IT Service. They are responsible for continual improvement and management of change affecting services under their care. The service owner is a primary stakeholder in all of the underlying IT processes that enable or support the service they own. Definition – Service A means of delivering value to customers by facilitating outcomes customers want to achieve without the ownership of specific costs or risks. Definition – RACI Model R – Responsibility (at least 1R per activity who is doing the actual work) A – Accountability (1 A per activity) C – Consult I – Inform Service Strategy The purpose is to define the perspective, position, plans, and patterns that a service provider needs to be able to execute to meet an organization’s business outcomes * Perspective – Defines the organization’s view of itself, generally communicated through the organization’s vision and direction. * Positions – Defines the distinctiveness of the organization in comparison to its competitive market and as identified through the minds of its customers. * Plans – The predefined details for supporting and enhancing the organization’s perspective and positions, usually identifying a potential future state for the organization and a strategic response to the state and level of investment required. * Patterns – Defines the conditions and actions that must be consistently in place and repeatable to achieve the objectives of the organization; patterns allow the organization to predict the future. Service strategy defines the role of serv ices and service provider in achieving the business objectives of the organization through management of IT. Value to Customer To enable a service provider to create value for a customer, a systematic approach has to be adopted. For ITIL, this approach is determining service utility and service warranty. Service Warranty (Fit for use) + Service Utility (Fit for propose) = Service Value Service utility and service warranty are present for every service provided to a customer. One cannot exist without the other. By describing both Service Utility and Service Warranty, it enables the provider to clearly establish the value of the service, differentiate themselves from the competition, and, when necessary, attach a meaningful price tag that has relevance to the customer and associated market space. Service Package = Enabling Services + Core Services + Enhancing Services Definition – Service Asset A Service Asset is any resource or capability used in the provision of services Definition – Business Case The business case is a detailed analysis of the benefits and impact of the business action in meeting the business objective and disrupting the delivery of other IT services. Attributes Introduction, Methods & Assumptions, Business Impact, Risk Service Strategy Processes Demand Management & Strategy Management for IT Services are out of scope for ITIL Foundation exam. 1. Financial Management * Responsible for securing the necessary fund to provide the service to the customer. * Maintain balance between cost of service and quality of the service * Maintain balance between supply and demand * Activities * Budgeting * IT Accounting * Chargeback * Service Valuation * Outputs * Service Valuation * Service Investment Analysis * Compliance (Align with rules & regulations) * Cost optimization * Support for BIA 2. Service Portfolio Management * Track services throughout whole service lifecycle * Link services to their business objectives/value * Ensure all other management processes are working to get expected business outcomes * Includes Service Pipeline, Service Catalog & Retired Service Catalog * Content : Description, Requirements/Business Cases, Value, Options, Price, Risk, Priority Investment Categories and Budget Allocations Phases/Activities of service portfolio management 3. Business Relationship Management * Maintain relationship between customer and service provider and understand customer needs * Ensure high level of customer satisfaction * Understand service packages and service level packages Service Design Benefits of Service Design * Reduction in total cost of ownership (TCO) * Improved quality of service * Improved consistency of service * Easier implementation of new or changed services * Improved service alignment * Improved service performance * Improved IT governance * Improved effectiveness of service management and IT processes * Improved information and decision-making * Improved alignment with customer values and strategies The Four Perspectives (Attributes) of ITSM * Partners/Suppliers * People * Product/Technology * Processes Major Aspects of Service Design * Service solutions for new or changed services * The management information systems and tools, especially the service portfolio * The technology architectures and management architectures * The processes required * The measurement methods and metrics Service Design Package (SDP) The contents of the service design package comprise four major sections with several smaller, but equally important, sub-sections. The four major sections are: †¢ Requirements †¢ Service Design †¢ Organizational readiness assessment †¢ Service Lifecycle Plan Service Design Processes 1. Design Coordination * Single point of coordination and control for all activities & processes in Service Design stage * Individual organizations decide whether they need Design Coordination process or not. Only major changes will require this process * Activities 2. Service Level Management * Focus on Service Warranty (performance, availability, and security) * The establishment, monitoring, and improvements in service levels and their achievement * Communication to Customers & Business managers on Service Levels. Will not conflict with Business Relationship Management process since this will only focus on Service Warranty * Manage, Negotiate & Document SLR & SLA * Develop & Review OLA * Review UC for ensure they are align with SLA * Influence improvement within SIP * Monitor service performance against SLA * Three types of SLA structures. Service Based, Customer Based & Multi Level/Hierarchical (Corporate, Customer & Service based agreements) 3. Supplier Management * UC (Underpinning Contracts) SCMIS (Suppliers & Contracts Management Information System) * Activities * Definition of new supplier and contract requirements * Evaluation of new suppliers and contracts * Supplier and contract categorization and maintenance of the * SCMIS * Establishment of new suppliers and contracts * Supplier, contract, and performance management * Contract renewal or termination * Supplier Categorization * Supplier Management process activities are span across all states except Service Strategy 4. Service Catalog Management * Include live service are services available for deployment (Customer-facing service and supportive services) * Service Catalog is a large part of the Service Portfolio. However, while the portfolio is focused on tracking the business requirements and the investments on a service, the Service Catalog is focused on the service solution and its delivery to the business * Service Catalog includes Business Service Catalog & Technical Service Catalog * Top – Down approach is used when defining service catalog. (Business -> Technical) 5. Capacity Management * Maintain balance between Resources/Capabilities Vs Demand * Business Capacity Management & Service Capacity Management * Sub-Process of capacity management * Business * Service * Components * Activities * Performance Monitoring * Demand Management – Short term reactive activity * Application Sizing – New or Changed service * Modeling – Predict future behaviors * Tuning * Capacity Planning * Capacity Management Information System 6. Availability Management * Ensure that the level of availability delivered to all IT services matches the agreed need for availability or defined service level targets * Includes Reactive Activities (Monitoring, Incidents) & Proactive Activities (Planning, Design) * Measurements * Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) or Uptime * Mean Time to Restore Service (MTRS) or Downtime * Mean Time Between System Incidents (MTBSI) 7. IT Service Continuity Management * Known as disaster recover planning * Produce and maintain IT Service Continuity plan to support Business Continuity Plan * Business Impact Analysis (Quantify the loss) Risk Assessment (Identify possible failure points) are considered when implementing strategy * Ongoing activities to make people aware about the recovery plan. Trainings, Reviews 8. Information Security Management * Information security is a critical part of the warranty of a service * Ensuring that the agreed business needs regarding the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the organization’s assets information, data, and IT services are matched * Develop and maintain information security policy align with business security requirements * Security test schedules and plans. * Information Security Management Perspectives * Organizational * Procedural * Physical * Technical * Framework for Managing Information Security * Plan * Implement * Control * Evaluate * Maintain Service Transition Service Transition Processes 1. Transition Planning and Support * Ensure proper attention is given to the overall planning for service transitions and to coordinate the resources required to implement the new or changed service * Provide clear and comprehensive plans that enable customer and business change projects to align their activities with the service transition plans * The scope of transition planning and support concentrates on the resources, schedules, and budgets required to move the IT service * To standardize methods and procedures used for efficient and prompt handling of all changes * A transition strategy will be constructed to define how all transitions will be managed within the organization based on the type and size of transitions expected in the environment 2. Knowledge Management * Maintain a Service Knowledge Management System (SKMS) that provides controlled access to knowledge, information, and data that is appropriate for each audience * DIKW Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom structure * Database to capture Data, Information and Knowledge but not Wisdom * Components of SKMS 3. Service Asset and Configuration Management * Ensure that assets under the control of the IT organization are identified, controlled, and properly cared for throughout their lifecycle * Identify, control, record, report, audit, and verify services and other configuration items (CIs), including versions, baselines, constituent components, their attributes, and relationships * Manage complete life cycle of CI * Activities * Planning – Strategy, Policy, Objectives, CMDB Design * Identification – What CI to be recorded & their relationships * Control * Status Accounting * Verification & Audit 4. Change Management * Ensure that all changes to configuration items are recorded in the configuration management system * Optimize overall business risk. It is often correct to minimize business risk, but sometimes it is appropriate to knowingly accept a risk because of the potential benefit. * Types of changes * Normal Changes – Need to go through all steps of change management process * Standard Changes – Pre approved changes. Should be possible via service request. No need of RFC * Emergency Change * Steps * The RFC is logged. * An initial review is performed (to filter RFCs). * The RFCs are assessed and may require involvement of CAB or ECAB. * Authorization of change builds and test by the Change Manager * Coordination of the build and test, e.g., work orders are issued for the * Build of the change (carried out by other groups) * Change Management authorizes deployment. * Change Management coordinates the deployment (with multiple checkpoints). * The change is reviewed (Post Implementation Review). * The change is closed. 5. Release and Deployment Management * Planning, scheduling, and controlling practices applied to the build, test, and deployment of releases * Define and agree Release and Deployment Management plans with customers and stakeholders * Four phases of release deployment management * Release & Deployment Planning * Release Build & Test * Deployment * Review & Close Service Operation Responsible for the ongoing management of the technology that is used to deliver and support the services. Service Operation accepts the new, modified, retiring, or retired services from Service Transition, once the test and acceptance criteria have been met. Functions Unique to Service Operations is the introduction of functions. While a defined function does have responsibilities in all stages of the Service Lifecycle, the majority of activities they performed are completed within the scope of Service operations. 1. Service Desk * Single point of contact between the services being provided and the users. A typical Service Desk will manage incidents and service requests as well as communication with the users. Thus, the Service Desk staff will execute the Incident Management and Request Fulfillment processes with the intent to restore normal-state service operation to users as quickly as possible * Minimize service outage day to day basis * Make sure that agreed services only provide to those who authorized * Structures * Local * Central * Virtual * Follow the Sun * Activities * Logging all request, prioritization, categorization and first level of investigation * Keep user informed about incident & outage * Customer satisfaction survey 2. Technical Management * Custodian of technical knowledge and expertise related to managing the IT Infrastructure. It provides detailed technical skills and resources needed to support the ongoing operation of the IT Infrastructure. * Plays an important role in providing the actual resources to support the IT Service Management lifecycle. It ensures that resources are effectively trained and deployed to design, build, and transition, operate, and improve the technology to deliver and support IT Services. 3. IT Operations Management * Ongoing management and maintenance of an organization’s IT infrastructure. IT operations is the set of activities used in the day-to-day running of the IT infrastructure to deliver IT services at agreed levels to meet stated business objectives.IT Operation Control * IT Operation Control * Job Scheduling, Backup, Restore and Monitoring * Facilities Management * Data Centers, Recovery Sites, Computer Rooms 4. Application Management * Application Management covers the entire ongoing lifecycle of an application, including requirements, design, build, deploy, operate, and optimize. Service Operation Processes 1. Event Management * Detecting Event, Understanding Event, Determining Appropriate Control Action * Three Types of events * Informational * Warning * Exception * Populate SKMS with event information and history 2. Incident Management * An unplanned interruption to an IT service or reduction in the quality of an IT service, or a failure of a CI that has not yet impacted an IT service * The purpose of Incident Management is not to prevent an incident, but to reduce its impact by restoring normal service operation as quickly as possible * Ensure that standardized methods and procedures are used for efficient and prompt response, analysis, documentation, ongoing management, and reporting of incidents * Incident Models – Steps and procedures that should be used to manage previously seen and documented incidents * Steps * Order of Steps * Responsibilities – Who should do what * Time scale/Threshold * Escalation Procedures * Any necessary evidence/prevention actions * Activities * Identification * Logging – All incidents regardless of source of that incident * Categorization * Prioritization * Impact + Urgency = Priority * Initial Diagnosis * Escalation * Functional * Hierarchical * Investigation and Diagnosis * Resolution * Closure 3. Problem Management * Concentrate on diagnosing the root cause of incidents and on determining the resolution to those problems. * Defines a problem as the underlying cause of one or more incidents 4. Request Fulfillment * Form of changes that are small in nature, low risk, and low cost in its execution, and are frequently performed * Activities * Menu Selection * Financial Approval – Optional * Other Approval – Optional * Fulfillment * Closure 5. Access Management * Effectively execute the policies in Information Security Management, enabling the organization to manage the confidentiality, availability, and integrity of the organization’s data and intellectual property. Continual Service Improvements * CSI is always seeking ways to improve service effectiveness, process effectiveness, and cost effectiveness * Review, analyze, prioritize, and make recommendations on improvement opportunities in each lifecycle stage * Periodically conducting internal audits verifying employee and process compliance * Periodically conducting customer satisfaction surveys * Continual Service Improvement Approach * CSI Register * Part of SKMS. And keep track of all improvements opportunities. * Anyone should be able to access and submit improvement points to CSI Register * IT Governance has three main areas * Enterprise, Corporate, IT Governance * Types of Metrics * Technology – Performance, Availability * Process – KPI, * Service * Tension Metrics : Resources, Features, Time Schedule The Deming Cycle * Plan: Design or revise business process components to improve results * Do: Implement the plan and measure its performance * Check: Assess the measurements and report the results to decision makers * Act: Decide on changes needed to improve the process Seven Steps Improvement Process 1. Identify Strategy for Improvements 2. Define What You Will Measure 3. Gather Data 4. Process Data 5. Analyze the information & data 6. Present and use the information 7. Implement Improvement